What is urine infection in human body?

A urine infection, commonly known as a urinary tract infection (UTI), occurs when bacteria (or sometimes fungi or viruses) infect any part of the urinary system, including the:

• Kidneys (Pyelonephritis) – A severe upper UTI affecting the kidneys.
• Bladder (Cystitis) – A common infection causing bladder inflammation.
• Urethra (Urethritis) – Infection of the tube that carries urine out of the body.

Causes of UTI:

• Bacterial infection (most commonly E. coli from the digestive tract).
• Poor hygiene (especially in women due to a shorter urethra).
• Holding urine for too long or not emptying the bladder completely.
• Weakened immune system (e.g., diabetes, old age).
• Sexual activity (increases bacteria transfer).
• Use of catheters (in hospitalized patients).

Symptoms of UTI:

• Frequent urge to urinate but passing only small amounts.
• Burning sensation while urinating.
• Cloudy, dark, or strong-smelling urine.
• Pelvic pain or lower abdominal discomfort.
• Fever and chills (if infection spreads to kidneys).
• Back pain and nausea (in severe kidney infections).

Complications if Untreated:

• Kidney damage from prolonged infection.
• Recurrent UTIs (especially in women).
• Sepsis (a life-threatening infection spreading to the blood).

Treatment:

• Antibiotics (prescribed based on severity).
• Increased water intake to flush out bacteria.
• Pain relievers to ease discomfort.
• Proper hygiene and lifestyle changes to prevent recurrence.

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