Basic Life Support (BLS) / Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and MCQS
CPR
cardiopulmonary [kahr″de-o-pul´mo-nar″e]
pertaining to the heart and lungs.
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) the manual application of chest compressions and ventilations to patients in cardiac arrest, done in an effort to maintain viability until advanced help arrives. This procedure is an essential component of basic life support (BLS), basic cardiac life support (BCLS), and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS).
The preliminary steps of CPR, as defined by the American Heart Association, are (1) calling for help; (2) establishing unresponsiveness in the victim by tapping or gently shaking and shouting at him or her; (3) positioning the victim in a supine position on a hard surface; (4) giving two breaths; and (5) checking the pulse. These are begun as quickly as possible; prompt action is essential for successful outcome. At the moment breathing and heart action stop, “clinical death” ensues. Within four to six minutes the cells of the brain, which are the most sensitive to lack of oxygen, begin to deteriorate. If breathing and circulation are not restored within this period of time, irreversible brain damage occurs and “biological death” takes place.
Although CPR is strongly recommended as a life-saving measure, it is not without danger; specific risks include rib fracture, damage to the liver or heart, and puncture of lungs or large blood vessels. All health care providers should receive instruction and practice in CPR under the direction of a qualified instructor. The public in general should also be encouraged to learn CPR for use in emergency situations.
Once it has been established that a person is in need of CPR, the rescuer immediately begins the “ABC's” of CPR: Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. Opening the airway and determining by look, sound, and feel is the first step for determining whether the person will be able to resume unassisted breathing. This is accomplished by lifting the chin up and back and bringing the mandible forward. If there is no evidence of spontaneous breathing, the rescuer corrects obstruction of the airway by a foreign body, when this is indicated. This is done by one or more of the following methods: back blows, manual chest thrusts, and finger sweeps. Once the airway is open, rescue breathing is started by means of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (see artificial respiration).
The third element of CPR is circulation, which begins by establishing the presence or absence of a pulse. If there is no pulse, compression of the chest is begun. This consists of rhythmic applications of pressure on the lower half of the sternum (NOT on the xiphoid process, which may injure the liver). For a normal-sized adult, sufficient force is used to depress the sternum about 4 to 5 cm (1½ to 2 in). This raises intrathoracic pressure and produces the output of blood from the heart. When the pressure is released, blood is allowed to flow into the heart. Compressions should be maintained for one-half second; the same length of time is allowed for the relaxation period.
Chest compression is always accompanied by rescue breathing. The two must be coordinated so that there is regular and uninterrupted circulation of blood and aeration of the lungs.
CPR is a psychomotor skill and all health care providers should keep their certification current in order to be proficient in this procedure in case of emergency. The techniques of CPR provide basic life support (BLS) in all cases of respiratory and cardiac arrest. Standards and guidelines for CPR and emergency cardiac care (ECC), including BCLS and ACLS, have been developed cooperatively by the American Heart Association and the National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council. Reprints of these standards can be obtained from local chapters of the Heart Association.
Tips When Taking the Practice Exam:
1. True or False: The jaw-thrust maneuver should be used to open the airway of an individual with a suspected head or neck injury.
a. True - Correct
b. False
2. True or False: It is recommended to minimize interruptions in CPR for pulse checks and shocks.
a. True - Correct
b. False
3. True or False: If you did not witness the arrest of a child or an infant, you should provide two minutes of CPR before leaving them to activate the emergency response system and get the AED.
a. True - Correct
b. False
4. True or False: For infants, an AED is preferred to a manual defibrillator for defibrillation.
a. True
b. False - Correct
5. True or False: If the individual is making high pitched wheezing noises and gasping for air you should encourage them to cough.
a. True - Correct
b. False
6. True or False: CPR is performed while a second rescuer gets an AED.
a. True - Correct
b. False
7. True or False: An individual should be "cleared" prior to a shock only when convenient.
a. True
b. False - Correct
8. True or False: If the individual has no pulse and the rhythm is NOT shockable, it is always recommended that you insert advanced airway; then start CPR.
a. True
b. False - Correct
9. What are the BLS (Basic Life Support) steps used for adults?
a. Assess the individual, active EMS and get AED, check pulse, and start CPR
b. Assess the individual, give two rescue breaths, defibrillate, and start CPR
c. Check pulse, give rescue breaths, assess the individual defibrillate - Correct
d. None of the above
10. Which step is Not a part of the six steps in the Adult Chain of survival?
a. Advance airway placement - Correct
b. Early CPR
c. Integrate post cardiac arrest care
d. Rapid defibrillation
11. What is the compression to ventilation ratio you should use when giving CPR to any adul?
a. 15:02
b. 15:01
c. 30:01
d. 30:2 - Correct
12. When performing two-rescuer CPoles?
a. After every cycle of CPR
b. After every five cycle of CPR - Correct
c. After 10 cycle of CPR
d. After every 15 cycle of CPR
12. When performing two-rescuer CPoles?
a. After every cycle of CPR
b. After every five cycle of CPR - Correct
c. After 10 cycle of CPR
d. After every 15 cycle of CPR
13. When operating an AED, what are the correct steps to follow?
a. Power on the AED, attach electrode pads, shock the individual, and analyze rhythm
b. Attach electrode pads, check pulse, and analyze rhythm
c. None of the above
d. Power on the AED, attach electrode pads, lear the individual, analyze the rhythm, and deliver shock - Correct
14. When looking for a pulse on a child from one year to puberty, where should you check?
a. Brachial artery
b. Temporal artery
c. Carotid or terminal artery - Correct
d. Popliteal artery
15. Why are breaths so important for children and infants in cardiac arrest?
a. Because they often have respiratory failure that reduces the oxygen content in the blood before the onset of arrest. - Correct
b. Because they have smaller lungs.
c. Because breathe help to dislodge foreign bodies
d. None of the above
16. Signs of severe airway obstruction include which of the following?
a. Poor air exchange
b. High-pitched noise while inhaling
c. Inability to speak
d. All of the above - Correct
17. The rescuers exhaled air contains approximately __________oxygen and _______carbon dioxide.
a. 21%, 2%
b. 10%, 8%
c. 6%, 12%
d. 17%, 4% - Correct
18. At what age is it necessary to use the child AED pads?
a. 10 years of age or younger
b. 8 years of age older
c. Less than 8 years of age - Correct
d. 13 years of age or younger
19. How should you attempt to relieve choking in a responsive over the age of one year?
a. Back slaps
b. Finger sweep
c. None of the above
d. Abdominal thrusts - Correct
20. What is the appropriate way to be clear an objection from an infant's airway?
a. Back blows and chest thrusts - Correct
b. Abdominal thrusts
c. Blind finger sweep
21. An AED can be used in which of the following special situations?
a. Individuals with on implanted pacemaker
b. Individual with a transdermal medication patch on
c. All of the above - Correct
22. What should you do if the individual chest is wet when using an AED?
a. Rub isopropyl alcohol on individual skin before proceeding with AED use.
b. Do not use an AED device.
c. Quickly wipe it dry before proceeding with AED use. - Correct
d. Proceed with AED use as usual.
23. You are alone when you encounter an individual in what appears to be cardiac or respiratory arrest. What are the first three step should take to stabilize the individual? Check for danger, check for response, and ____________________.
a. Administer an initial shock.
b. Insert an advanced airways.
c. Start CPR
d. Activate EMS - Correct
24. Which of the following may be essential to maintaining an individual's an airways open?
a. O2 administration
b. Chest thrusts
c. Rescue breaths
d. An advanced airways - Correct
25. The BLS Survey changed in the 2010 ILCOR update. Which of the following described this change?
a. A. Start with chest compressions instead of instead of giving two rescue breaths.
b. B. The initial steps are no longer ABC, instead it is CAB: Stat with chest compressions.
c. C. Chest compressions should be continued while preparing the AED to minimize interruptions.
d. D. both A and C. - Correct
26. Thirty _____________and two _______________equal one cycle of CPR.
a. Chest compressions, breaths. - Correct
b. Breaths, chest compressions
c. Chest compressions jaw thrusts
d. Chest compressions pulse checks
27. The initial basic life support (BLS) steps for adults are:
a. Assess the victim, give 2 rescue breaths, defibrillate, stat CPR
b. Assess the victim, activate EMS and get AED, check pulse, start CPR - Correct
c. Check pulse, give rescue breaths, assess the victim, defibrillate
d. Assess the victim, start CPR, give 2 rescue breaths, defibrillate
28. The 5 links in the adults chain of survival include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Early CPR
b. Rapid defibrillation
c. Advanced airway placement - Correct
d. Integrated post-cardiac arrest care
29. The critical characteristics of high-quality CPR include which of the following?
a. Starting chest compressions within 10 seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest
b. Push hard and fast
c. Minimize interruptions
d. All of the above - Correct
30. In an adults with an advanced airways in place during 2-rescuer CPR,breaths should be administration how often?
a. Every 2 to 3 seconds (20 to 30 breaths per minutes)
b. Every 4 to 5 seconds (12 to 15 breaths per minutes)
c. Every 6 to 8 seconds (8 to 10 breaths per minutes) - Correct
d. Every 10 to 12 seconds (5 to 6 breaths per minutes)
31. Where should you attempt to perform a pulse check on a child from 1 year of age to puberty?
a. Brachial artery
b. Ulnar artery
c. Temporal artery
d. Carotid or Femoral artery - Correct
32. The guidelines for CPR recommended BLS sequence of steps are:
a. Chest compressions, Airway, Breathing - Correct
b. Airway, Breathing, Check pulse
c. Airway, Breathing, Chest compressions
d. None of the above
33. Due to the essential nature of washing your The guidelines for CPR recommended BLS sequence of steps are:
a. Chest compressions, Airway, Breathing - Correct
b. Airway, Breathing, Check pulse
c. Airway, Breathing, Chest compressions
d. None of the above
34. When treating a 3rd-degree burn, you should:
a. Before performing CPR
b. After performing CPR - Correct
35. An AED (Automated External Defibrillator) should be used:
a. Cool burn with Ice
b. Remove clothing from charred area
c. Activate EMS or rush patient to the nearest hospital - Correct
d. None of the above
36. If patient undergoes a Head Injury it's possible the patient has had a concussion.
a. True - Correct
b. Flse
37. When performing CPR on an infant (laying face -up), you should use.
a. 2 Fingers - Correct
b. Your Palm
38. If the patient's chest is not inflating during the breathing task you should check the patient's:
a. Airway - Correct
b. Pulse
39. A compression rate of 100 - 120 per minute should be performed when providing CPR.
a. Ture - Correct
b. False
40. When treating Bites & Stings you should use:
a. An AED (Automated External Defibrillator)
b. An auto-injection - Correct
41. You should ask the patients if He/She is okay before performing CPR.
a. True - Correct
b. False
42.As a daycare provider that is working alone, one of your three-year-old children isn't feeling well and lays down for a nap. After checking on the child, you notice they are not are not breathing and are blue in color. What would be best step to take?
a. Do back blows.
b. Do a blind finger sweep
c. Deliver two minutes of CPR - Correct
d. None of the above
43. What do you if an infant is choking and while trying to assist them they become unresponsive?
a. Leave the infant to get help
b. Do a blind finger sweep
c. Begin CPR - Correct
d. Do abdominal thrusts
44. AED pads can be used for children at what age?
a. 17
b. 16
c. 14
d. Up until puberty - Correct
45. An infant become unresponsive and stops breathing. A strong pulse is still present. How many rescue breaths a minute should be given until help arrives or the infant starts breathing on its own?
a. 8 - 10 breaths a minute
b. 10 - 14 breaths a minute
c. 12 - 20 breaths a minute - Correct
d. 15 - 22 breaths a minute
46. How often should you recheck for a pulse when are performing rescue breaths on an unconscious patient with a pulse?
a. Every 45 seconds
b. Every 1 seconds
c. Every 2 minutes - Correct
d. Every 4 minutes
47. Which of these answers appropriately describes how perform chest compressions on an adults?
a. Using one arm, press to 1/3 depth of chest
b. Palms placed midline on the lower 1/3 of the sternum - Correct
c. Palms placed in center of sternum above the nipples, using both arms
d. Compressions should be slow to allow for full recoil
48. What is the compression to breath ratio when performing CPR on an infant with two providers?
a. 30:2
b. 25:2
c. 20:2
d. 15:2 - Correct
49. You just performed 5 cycles of CPR on an adult. You reassess for a pulse. No pulse is present. What is your next course of action?
a. Search for an AED
b. Immediately initiate CPR - Correct
c. All of the above
d. None of the above
50. When should an unconscious patient be placed in the recovery position?
a. If the patient has bradycardia and is not breathing
b. If the patient has a pulse and is breathing appropriately - Correct
c. If the patient has no pulse and is not breathing
d. If the patient has a bounding pulse and is not breathing
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