How to define AIDS and HIV?

HIV and AIDS: Definitions and Differences

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

HIV is a virus that attacks the body's immune system, specifically targeting CD4 (T-helper) cells, which help fight infections. Over time, if untreated, HIV weakens the immune system, making the body more vulnerable to infections and diseases.

• Mode of Transmission:

  • Unprotected sexual contact
  • Sharing needles or syringes
  • From mother to child during birth or breastfeeding
  • Blood transfusions with infected blood (rare due to screening)

• Stages of HIV:

  1. Acute HIV Infection (Flu-like symptoms 2-4 weeks after exposure)
  2. Chronic HIV (Asymptomatic Stage) (Virus remains in the body with slow immune damage)
  3. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) (Final stage of HIV if untreated)

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AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection, where the immune system becomes severely damaged. At this stage, the body cannot fight off opportunistic infections and certain cancers.

• Diagnosis:

  • CD4 cell count drops below 200 cells/mm³ (Normal: 500-1,500)
  • Presence of opportunistic infections (e.g., tuberculosis, pneumonia, fungal infections)

• Symptoms of AIDS:

  • Severe weight loss
  • Chronic diarrhea
  • Persistent fever and night sweats
  • Skin rashes and sores
  • Frequent infections

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Key Differences Between HIV and AIDS

Feature	HIV	AIDS
Definition	A virus that weakens the immune system	The final stage of HIV infection
Immune System Impact	Gradual decline in CD4 cells	CD4 count <200 and severe infections
Reversibility	Can be controlled with treatment	Cannot be reversed but can be managed

Treatment and Prevention

• Antiretroviral Therapy (ART):
  • Reduces viral load and prevents progression to AIDS.
  • Allows people with HIV to live healthy lives.
• Prevention Methods:
• Safe sex practices (using condoms, PrEP medication).
• Avoid sharing needles.
• Regular HIV testing and early treatment.

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